Sperm retrieval methods
Azoospermia refers to the absence of sperm in the semen. This condition can result from genetic disorders, hormonal imbalances, childhood febrile illnesses, or treatments such as chemotherapy. Men with azoospermia can still become fathers through IVF treatment.
TESA method
A fine needle is used to extract small tissue samples from the testis
The collected tissue is examined in the lab, where the likelihood of finding sperm is high
Local anesthesia is applied, minimizing pain during the procedure
If there is no blockage and sperm production is limited, TESE is recommended instead
TESE and Micro-TESE
TESE — sperm is obtained via biopsy from different areas of the testis and examined under a microscope
Micro-TESE — a more precise technique where sperm-producing tubules are magnified to minimize tissue damage
The sperm retrieval rate is higher than with standard TESE
Local anesthesia is applied and the patient can be discharged afterwards
Where should the procedure be performed?
TESE and TESA should be performed by urologists in hospitals or specialized clinics
Performing the procedure within an IVF center is recommended
Retrieved sperm can be quickly frozen and later used in IVF treatment
Conclusion
Patients diagnosed with azoospermia can become fathers via IVF. If sperm is successfully retrieved and the partner's age and health are suitable, pregnancy success rates are high. TESE and Micro-TESE are safe and effective methods that significantly increase the chances of obtaining viable sperm.
